The Attachment Theory By John Bowlby Essay - 2611 Words

Psychological Life History Introduction: What makes us, us? We grew up being special kids, completing milestones or not, have great support systems or not. Does it take careful examination of the self to understand who we actually are or is it more simple? Personality development is extremely complex, but occurs simply in every day. It is through the life parables, birth place, and experiences that make us, us. Personality Theory: The Attachment Theory. Our first relationship in life tends to be the mother. The attachment theory by John Bowlby emphasizes the importance and need of attachment. In addition, Mary Ainsworth created the idea that there are three styles of attachment. These include secure attachment, ambivalent attachment, and avoidant attachment. Despite some problems my parents had, I feel that I was loved and cared for the best my mother was able. I was a happy kid and had everything that I needed. I was raised being taught to respect others, speak kindly, and be confident in myself. Despite not having my father around, I think Mary Ainsworth would say that I was a securely attached child. Erikson s 8 Stages of Psychosocial Development. Something that I have learned throughout the two years of my college career has been Erik Erikson s Psychosocial Stages of Development. Each time I learn about these stages, the Identity versus Role Confusion stage always screams out at me. Thi s was so important to my personality because it distinguishes an extremely lowShow MoreRelatedJohn Bowlby : An Attachment Theory1830 Words   |  8 Pageschildren can form close attachments with a number of people. These emotional bonds that children develop with their parents and other caregivers are vital for their personal, social and emotional development. A child with secure attachment feels able to rely on their parents and caregivers for safety and comfort and uses these important attachment relationships as bases from which they explore and learn about the world. John Bowlby (1907-90) has made an attachment theory. He believed that relationshipsRead MoreAttachment Theory By John Bowlby981 Words   |  4 PagesAttachment theory constituted by John Bowlby suggested the child’s early attachment with a primary caregiver predicts their later adulthood relationship style. There are three patterns of adult attachment theory: secure, avoidant, and ambivalent relationship styles. First, the secure relationship style shows few problems with developing satisfying friendships and relationships, such as trusting others and developing the bond with others (Larson Buss, 2014). Second, the avoidant relationship styleRead MoreAttachment Theory By John Bowlby881 Words   |  4 PagesAttachment theory, developed by John Bowlby, Attachment is defined as the formation of a psychological and emotional relationship between an infant and its primary caregiver. It’s also a pattern of relational style that the child learns from the adults and caregivers whom play the largest role in the child’s life. That pattern is learned in early childhood and thought to repeat itself throughout an individual’s life, in both their social and romantic relationships. Secure attachment tends to beRead MoreAttachment Theory By John Bowlby1976 Words   |  8 Pages Attachment theory constituted by John Bowlby suggested the child’s early attachment with primary caregiver predicts their later adulthood relationship style. There are three patterns of adult attachment theory: secure, avoidant, and ambivalent relationship styles. First, the secure relationship style shows few problems with developing satisfying friendships and relationships, such as trusting others and developing the bond with others (Larson Buss, 2014). Second, the avoidant relationshipRead MoreJohn Bowlby s Theory Of Attachment1581 Words   |  7 Pagesoccur in the prenatal development, infancy and childhood, as new-borns develop into young adulthood capable of becoming a parent themselves. This assignment will discuss the developmental stage of a chosen child scenario and apply to John Bowlby’s theory of attachment. It will also discuss the key safeguarding issues within the child scenario and how they could have been prohibited. Scenario The chosen child scenario for this assignment is Paul (see appendix). Paul is six years of age and is theRead MoreJohn Bowlby s Theory Of Attachment1439 Words   |  6 Pagesabout John Bowlby and his theory of attachment plus criticisms and how these come into effect in practice and legislation. Edward John Mostyn Bowlby was born February 27th 1907 and died September 2nd 1990. He was born in London to a middle class family. He was mostly taken care of by his nanny because his parents believed that spending too much time with him could lead to him becoming a spoilt child. At age 7 he was sent to boarding school by his parents. After finishing boarding school Bowlby wentRead MoreThe Pioneer Of Attachment Theory By John Bowlby1826 Words   |  8 PagesOxford, Kelly, Nelson Fleming, 2012). The pioneer of attachment theory, John Bowlby (1969), underscored the importance of child to parent attachments in his landmark trilogy, Attachment and loss (Bowlby, 1982, 1973, 1980). Bowlby’s ideas began to shape research in the field of developmental psychology during the 1960s and promoted research into the precise operationalisation of the ‘attachment’ construct (Woolgar Scott, 2014). Attachment relationships serve the function of providing protectionRead MoreJohn Bowlby s Theory Of Attachment1423 Words   |  6 PagesJohn Bowlby’s theory of attachment asserts that an infant forms an attachment to the primary caregiver to ensure survival. Developmental psychologist Mary Ainsworth furthered this idea by devising attachment styles in infants. Ainsworth believed that the quality of care given by the mother or primary caregiver results in the infant developing a secure or insecure attachment. Ainsworth identified three attachment styles, namely; secure, avoidant and anxious/ambivalent attachments. As the word infersRead MoreThe Theory Of Attachment Proposed By John Bowlby And Mary Ainsworth1177 Words   |  5 Pagesthe characteristics of human nature, which is relationships and attachment. The course materials emphasized the critical role of relationship and attachment to the development of the children. The internship site also provided an opportunity for me to visualize different attachments and relationships between parent and child in action. As the chapter readings from the textbook explore different perspectives of relationship and attachment proposed by various theorists, the class discussions and lectures

Movie Analysis Vengeance - 1582 Words

Vengeance LOGLINE: When a young girl goes missing, her friend and older brother try to find out whether his father is responsible†¦ but the true culprit may be supernatural in nature. KEY CHARACTERS: Aubrie Nobir: a popular, intellectual teenager and Jillian’s babysitter/friend. Nick Stilhare: an awkward, shy teenager who is on the baseball team, but rarely plays. Luster Stilhare: an egotistical, abusive, workaholic father to Jillian and Nick. Jillian Stilhare: a bright, imaginative young girl who is obsessed with unicorns and sleeping in her parents’ bedroom. One night she goes missing but leaves behind clues on who took her. Vengeance: an avenging, omniscient Spirit who saves abused children by forming an army†¦show more content†¦He honks the horn and the lights turn on and off. His hairstyle changes from an Afro to four triangles, and he has five black scars running down his face. He limps towards Jillian and holds his knife up high in the air when -- --The next day MIKE, the investigating officer, and RENDICIÓ, the police chief, investigate the scene. They find a card with the letter â€Å"V† and one red circle on it, addressed to Luster. He is questioned then released when no further evidence is found. The police officers think Jillian is dead. Later, friends and neighbors gather at the Stilhare’s house. GUTTER, the town drunk, tries to talk to AUBRIE but she ignores him. NICK asks Aubrie to help him find out who took his sister, but she refuses to get involved because she thinks Luster committed the crime. Over the next few days, Nick gives Aubrie gifts including Jillianâ €™s locket. After being pressured by her parents, Aubrie caves in and helps Nick. The next day, Aubrie bumps into BAILEY, a bully who is picking on a black girl because of her large lips. Bailey pulls out a knife on the black girl and Aubrie runs away, refusing to help. At her house, she finds a package of knives on her front steps – but there’s no return address. Aubrie’s friends want to hang out with her, but she blows them off to sneak into Nick’s house to try and find evidence on Luster. While she is in the garage, Carolyn storms in and slams the door shut, not noticing Aubrie. Aubrie hidesShow MoreRelatedMovie Analysis : Vengeance 1149 Words   |  5 PagesVengeance Logline: When a young girl goes missing, her friend and older brother try to find out whether his father is responsible†¦ but the true culprit may be supernatural in nature. Key characters: Aubrie Nobir – a popular, intellectual teenager who is Jillian’s babysitter/friend. Nick Stilhare- an awkward, shy teenager who is on the baseball team, but he rarely plays. Luster Stilhare- an egotistical, abusive, workaholic father to Jillian and Nick. Vengeance- a omniscient SpiritRead More An Analysis of the Movie, Double Impact Essays729 Words   |  3 PagesAn Analysis of the Movie, Double Impact The movie opens twenty-five years ago in Hong Kong. The parents of two twin babies, Alex and Chad, had borrowed money from Raymond Zhang and Nigel Griffith, two lead smugglers. They needed the money in order to build a tunnel between Hong Kong and the mainland. After the tunnel was built and the money collected, Nigel Griffith and Raymond Zhang had a gang of hit men massacre Alex and Chads family. Frank Avery, a friendRead MoreBen Hur : A Classical World Film That Represents The Ancient Roman Civilization1815 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction to Essay The movie, Ben-Hur is a classical world film that represents the ancient Roman civilization. The film was directed by William Wyler as an epic historical drama movie in 1959. The main cast features Charlton Heston who plays the role of Judah Ben-Hur, Stephen Boyd as Messala, Jack Hawkins as Quintus Arrius, Haya Harareet as Esther and Hugh Griffith as Sheik Ilderim (Wallace 5). The plot idea pegs back to the beginning of the 1st century where a merchant and a rich Jewish princeRead MoreEssay about Social-Psychological Principles of the Movie Unforgiven1333 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Movie Unforgiven Florida Institute of Technology Most movies have different social-psychological principles, however most people are watching movies to be entertained, and not to psychologically analyze them. There are many different principles that would be applicable to the film we are discussing however, I have chosen to analyze three scenes discussing altruism, self-fulfilling prophecy, and counterfactual thinking. Please review the following scenes and analysis from the movie Unforgiven: Read MoreEffective Leadership And The Leadership Essay1398 Words   |  6 Pagesanalyze the leadership theories and demonstrate different styles of leadership Nelson Mandela implemented in the movie â€Å"Invictus†. 2.0 Analysis: - 2.1. Scene 1: - Mandela Invites Pienaar: - Mandel invites Francois Pienaar, a white Afrikaner and South African (Springbok) Rugby team captain, at the government office and motivates him to win the 1995 Rugby World Cup. 2.1.1. Analysis Theory Integration: - Mandela invites Pienaar at the president office. The leadership of Pienaar was importantRead MoreEssay on Movie Review of Gladiator the Movie803 Words   |  4 Pageshis way up and earned the favour of the masses, Maximus then ends up duelling Commodus in a match of life and death. CHARACTER ANALYSIS: Maximus Decimus Meridius - The protagonist in the story, he was a general that led the Romans to victory against the Barbarians which made him earn the favor of Marcus Aurelius. Maximus is a brave man that seeks justice and vengeance for his murdered family. Commodus - The antagonist in the story, he is the son of Marcus Aurelius. Commodus is an arrogant manRead MoreHorror Of Jewish Revenge On The Nazis Essay2369 Words   |  10 Pageslengthy sequences of violence to transform Jewish vengeance into disturbingly inhumane behaviors. In order to exemplify the significance of Jewish revenge, I will first explain a brief history of Jewish revolts against the Nazis, most notably in the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising. Next, I will describe the fantasy of revenge in Holocaust cinema. Third, I will analyze the specific sequences of armed vengeance in Inglourious Basterds. Finally, this analysis will lead into my discussion of the director’s depictionsRead MoreOthello, by William Shakespeare Essay1090 Words   |  5 PagesIn Shakespeare’s Othello, Iago is portrayed as a cruel puppet master, using his high order critical analysis and manipulative skills to exact on those he believe wronged him; as he weaves a web of deceit to ensnare the play’s protagonist (and namesake of the play) Othello. Various movie adaptations have portrayed the characters in different ways, often resulting in a fusion of the context of the age, artistic license and Shakespeare’s character. One such fusion is Stuart Burgeâ₠¬â„¢s 1965 filmic portrayalRead MoreJustice In Reginald Roses 12 Angry Men1532 Words   |  7 Pagesperson has however is not the only factor that comes into play, when establishing whether the defendant is guilty or innocent. The play, ‘12 angry men’, written by Reginald Rose, is a drama involved around a jury and a homicide case. In comparison, the movie, ‘To kill a mockingbird’, directed by Robert Mulligan, follows the tale of Atticus Finch, a lawyer, who defends a black man against fabricated rape charges, and the evils of racism and stereotyping. Both texts have strongly opposing beliefs on theRead MoreThe Godfather and the Meaning of Family1055 Words   |  5 PagesConnie Corleone; the daughter of the Don Vito gets married to an abusive and gets beaten down while pregnant, which later becomes one of the reasons for his death. Aside from that we also see many deaths cause by the vengeance and business. Another example is the opening of the movie, whe n Bonasera states â€Å"I believe in America. America has made my fortune. And I raised my daughter in the American fashion. I gave her freedom, but -- I taught her never to dishonor her family† as he tells Don Vito, his

Romeo And Juliet Star Crossed Lovers Essay Example For Students

Romeo And Juliet Star Crossed Lovers Essay Romeo Juliet Star Crossed Lovers A pair of star-crossed lovers, Romeo and Juliet. From the opening scenes of the play these two children of feuding families were destined to fall in love together and eventually die together. How does the reader see this? How do we know it was fate which triggered these events? Coincidence caused the death of these two lovers. For this reason Romeo and Juliet is one of Shakespeares great tragedies. For coincidence to have caused the death of Romeo and Juliet it must have been evident in the events leading up to their deaths. These events include their meeting and falling in love, their separation, their reunion and finally their suicides. Solving the ancient feud between their families was the only real result ofthese untimely deaths. How did Romeo and Juliet meet? Was it by fate or could it have been avoided? Romeo and Juliet could not have avoided coming in contact with each other, they were brought together by uncontrollable circumstances. In Romeo and Juliets time Verona (a city in Italy approximately 100 km west of Venice) was a fair sized city, and bumping into an acquaintance was unlikely. During the course of Act I, Scene II, the contrary had happened, and happened by chance. As Romeo and Benvolio were nearing a public area they were stopped by a Capulet servant. After Romeo had read the guest list to the Capulet party and the servant was on his way, Benvolio suggested that to relieve himself of his sadness for Rosaline, Romeo should go to the party and compare Rosaline to the other female guests. Romeo agreed Another example of coincidence is evident here. If Rosaline had not been attending, Benvolio would not have thought anything of the party. Duringthe Capulets ball Romeo and Juliet had seen each other, once this happened, there was no force that could have stopped them from falling in love. The encounter with the servant in the city set off an unlikely chain of events. Given the information following, none of these events could have been altered or avoided . And for that offense immediately we do exile him hence, (Romeoand Juliet, III, II, 191-192). Romeos banishment and the fate involved with it is a prime factor in the deaths of Romeo and Juliet. Why banishment? In Act I, Scene I the Princes words were quite the contrary. Was it intentional that a man of such high standard would go back on his word? Perhaps. Romeos exile poisons all possibility of happiness for himself and Juliet. His exile causes Juliet great sorrow, greater then if he had been executed, as stated by Juliet in Act III, Scene II, lines 130-131. Juliets sorrow drives her to obtain a knockout potion from Friar Laurence which, in effect causes Romeo to make some important decisions regarding his well being. Romeos banishment (brought about by the death of Tybalt) initiated the Friars scheme whicheventually leads the two lovers to their deaths. In reuniting the two lovers, timing played the largest role in deciding if they wouldlive or die. Friar Laurence had two chances to deliver the message to Romeo regarding Juliets present state. The first and mostpractical method of sending this message was through Romeos man, Balthasar. The second method was to send the messagewith Friar John. Timing was an important factor in both of these events. Friar Laurence had missed his opportunity to send themessage with Balthasar and reverted to sending it with Friar John. .u3e65d8061aa33b9be00cbf16fdb7ac65 , .u3e65d8061aa33b9be00cbf16fdb7ac65 .postImageUrl , .u3e65d8061aa33b9be00cbf16fdb7ac65 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3e65d8061aa33b9be00cbf16fdb7ac65 , .u3e65d8061aa33b9be00cbf16fdb7ac65:hover , .u3e65d8061aa33b9be00cbf16fdb7ac65:visited , .u3e65d8061aa33b9be00cbf16fdb7ac65:active { border:0!important; } .u3e65d8061aa33b9be00cbf16fdb7ac65 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3e65d8061aa33b9be00cbf16fdb7ac65 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3e65d8061aa33b9be00cbf16fdb7ac65:active , .u3e65d8061aa33b9be00cbf16fdb7ac65:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3e65d8061aa33b9be00cbf16fdb7ac65 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3e65d8061aa33b9be00cbf16fdb7ac65 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3e65d8061aa33b9be00cbf16fdb7ac65 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3e65d8061aa33b9be00cbf16fdb7ac65 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3e65d8061aa33b9be00cbf16fdb7ac65:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3e65d8061aa33b9be00cbf16fdb7ac65 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3e65d8061aa33b9be00cbf16fdb7ac65 .u3e65d8061aa33b9be00cbf16fdb7ac65-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3e65d8061aa33b9be00cbf16fdb7ac65:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Moment that Changed My Life Essay As fate would have it, Friar John was locked up in acondemned house because of the plague. As a result Romeo received incorrect information. The only information he receivedfrom the unsuspecting Balthasar was that Juliet was dead. There are two important points to note in this area of the play. Onebeing the reference to star-crossing made by Romeo when he heard of Juliets death. Is it even so? then I defy you, stars.(Romeo and Juliet, V, I, 24). The second being that when Romeo received the poison he states Come cordial, and not poison,go with thee. (Romeo and Juliet, V, I, 85). This is coincidental to what Juliet had said earlier, in Act IV, Scene III, when shedrinks to Romeo. Cordial means hearty, or sincere. When someone drinks to someone else it is usually in good health. Thereuniting of the two lovers in such circumstances (Romeos unawareness) could only have happened as it did by timing. Onecould ask what if the friar had left early?, or what if the friar had caught Balthasar and given him the message? Because of badtiming neither happened. Coincidence is a controlling element regarding the deaths of Romeo and Juliet, more so than in otherareas of the play. The following examples also deal with close-calls, which involve timing as well as coincidence After Romeohad slew Paris and entered the tomb and found Juliets seemingly dead body, he uttered some interesting words. Death thathath sucked the honey of thy breath, hath had no power yet upon thy beauty. Thou art not conquered; beautys ensign yet iscrimson in thy lips and cheeks. (Romeo and Juliet, V, III, 92-95.). Here Romeo is saying how alive Juliet looks. All he had todo was touch her and she may have been awakened and the play would have ended without a tragic closing. As Romeo drankthe apothecaries mixture he drank to Juliet, as she had done before in Act IV, Scene III. This minor coincidence does not havemuch bearing on the course of the play, but changes the way we think of toasting to someone. Friar Laurence entered thetomb just less than half an hour after Romeo had killed himself. If the Friar had entered the tomb earlier he could have explainedthe situation to Romeo and no harm would have come to anyone. The Friar has proved himself to be a brave man. He marriedRomeo and Juliet without the consent of Juliets father. Then why did the friar behave out of character and leave the tomb whenhe heard the call of the watch. This gave Juliet the opportunity to get hold of Romeos well placed dagger (coincidence?) and killherself. If the Friar had not fled he would have convinced Juliet not to kill herself as he did with Romeo in Act III, Scene III. Toprove Romeo and Juliet to be a tragedy we must first prove that the death of the two lovers was caused by circumstancesoutside of their control or more simply, by destiny. The events which lead up to Romeo and Juliets death are all inter-related. Ifany of the events were absent from the list, the following events could not of happened. The list, as mentioned before is asfollows; meeting, separation, reunion, and their suicides. Romeo and Juliets meeting has been proved to be by coincidence. IfRomeo and Benvolio had not bumped into the Capulet servant the events would not have unfolded in the way they did.Romeo and Juliet had been separated because Prince Escalus had ordered it, what makes this unusual is that in Act I, Scene I,the Princes warning indicated that further violent confrontations would result in death. Romeo did not receive the message fromthe Friar in Act V, Scene I, because of coincidence. If he had received the message, the Friars scheme would have gone asplanned. .u48fec2e2b82d50114ec99338c3747657 , .u48fec2e2b82d50114ec99338c3747657 .postImageUrl , .u48fec2e2b82d50114ec99338c3747657 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u48fec2e2b82d50114ec99338c3747657 , .u48fec2e2b82d50114ec99338c3747657:hover , .u48fec2e2b82d50114ec99338c3747657:visited , .u48fec2e2b82d50114ec99338c3747657:active { border:0!important; } .u48fec2e2b82d50114ec99338c3747657 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u48fec2e2b82d50114ec99338c3747657 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u48fec2e2b82d50114ec99338c3747657:active , .u48fec2e2b82d50114ec99338c3747657:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u48fec2e2b82d50114ec99338c3747657 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u48fec2e2b82d50114ec99338c3747657 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u48fec2e2b82d50114ec99338c3747657 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u48fec2e2b82d50114ec99338c3747657 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u48fec2e2b82d50114ec99338c3747657:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u48fec2e2b82d50114ec99338c3747657 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u48fec2e2b82d50114ec99338c3747657 .u48fec2e2b82d50114ec99338c3747657-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u48fec2e2b82d50114ec99338c3747657:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: A Lecture On The Gentrification Of Boston Essay Coincidence is exceedingly evident when Romeo enters the tomb to die with Juliet as proven earlier. As thecoincidences in the novel build up, the readers idea of reality changes, and enables Shakespeare create one of his greatesttragedies, Romeo and Juliet.

The Salem Witch Trials

Introduction The Salem witch trials can be described as diverse and distinct hearings that were held before different county courts. These trials were mostly initiated to prosecute individuals who had been accused of witchcraft. It should be known that these trials were mostly conducted between 1692 and 1693 in Massachusetts (Godbeer 12).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Salem Witch Trials specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As far as these trials and persecutions are concerned, it is estimated that approximately 200 individuals were accused of witchcraft (through practice). In this case, witchcraft was widely referred to as the devils magic which ended up with 20 executions (Godbeer 24). As time went by, the colony admitted that those trials were unwarranted thereby calling for the victims to be compensated. As much as these trials can be referred to as the Salem trials, initial hearings were conducted in a numb er of towns in 1692. This was mostly in the Salem village which is the present day Danvers. Despite all this trials, the best known ones were done in the court of Terminer and Oyer. This means that as much as other people were accused, they were not formally pursued to stand trial. Ipswich and Boston experienced some trials but the outcome was three convictions. These convictions came out of more than 31 trials that had been initiated (Godbeer 32). Many people were convicted as far as these trials are concerned whereby they were accused of capital felony of witchcraft. There are cases where punishments differed but the most notable ones are where people ended up being convicted by hanging. Others were crushed to hanging by being stoned which was an attempt to force them to give out information. Despite all these trials, it should also be known that there are other five people who died in prison before being taken to court (Weisman 35). There is a case where one man refused to enter into trail and he paid the price by being stoned to death which was an attempt to force him into plea. All in all, these cases can be described as mass hysteria which revolved around diverse and similar trials that were going on. This episode has been used on different scenarios to explain the dangers of isolationism. In this case, it is as far as political rhetoric’s are concerned which has extended the idea of religious extremism. As far as popular literature is concerned, we have had cases of false accusations every now and then. There should be no lapses in the due process and this is an aspect that has been reinforced by these episodes. Discussion The Salem witch trials can be described in a broad way as intrusion of individual liberties by the government which can not be entertained in the current world and society. Before these trials, it should be known that the supernatural world was part of people’s daily lives. This is mostly based on a strong belief that di fferent people had about the presence of Satan (Weisman 39).Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In this case, they believed that Satan was active and present on earth thereby having an influence on their daily lives. The concept of the presence of Satan emerged in the fifteen century and later on spread to other parts of America. As much as there was a different perception to witchcraft, it was only used by peasants. In this case, they relied upon it for agriculture and farming by using particular charms that they considered effective and efficient. This form of witchcraft was mainly referred to as white magic but it later on transformed to dark magic as time went by. This therefore implies that dark magic was characterized and associated with evil spirits and demons. As time went by, there were a lot of superstitions that were believed to be related to the devil. This is the period that s aw a lot of witchcraft persecutions taking place. It should be known that this was mostly between 1560 and 1670 where people’s perception about witchcraft started changing significantly. There was a claim by different people that they could prove the existence of evil spirits and demons which tried to reinforce a strong believe in superstition. This was mostly by Joseph Glanvill in 1668, whereby he tried to explain the aspect of bodily resurrection (Weisman 51). In fact, this was the period when we had a lot of issues about supernatural spirits. There was an argument that men should be able to believe in the existence of evil spirits because if they denied such a reality, then they were questioning the reality of the almighty God. In fact, ingenious men were expected to admit the existence of apparitions and witches. All this aspects implied that the supernatural world can not be denied which relates well with the Salem witch trials. Such works therefore tried to reinforce th e fact that demons were indeed alive. As time went by, human beings were meant to believe that demons were part of them on earth based on different happenings and events. The people of Salem believed that all their predicaments were as a result of the devil and evil spirits. In fact, they could not explain their misfortunes like infant deaths and failure of crops. In other cases, there was friction among the congregation where the supernatural world was blamed. There was an unusual outbreak of witchcraft issues and accusations and this ended up reinforcing the need for trials. As much as there could have been other factors, people’s mindset had been tilted to believe that all their predicaments were as a result of witchcraft. All this can be considered as contributing factors in relation to different aspects from a historical context. There were earlier executions in England where it is estimated that 12 people were killed (Aronson 78). 24 other people were later on executed at Salem. It should be known that there is a political context to the Salem witch trials because of the tension that had arisen between colonialists. As much as there was need to sort out governor issues, it was necessary to come up with a legitimate court system that could conduct trials.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Salem Witch Trials specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is what led to the formation of a special court of Oyer and Terminer that could handle people who had been thronging the courts for justice (Aronson 65). From a local context point of view, Salem village was synonymous with disputes between its village and town populations. In fact, the population was mostly regarded to be quarrelsome by its neighbors. Because of constant bickering among villagers, there were bound to be numerous conflicts in the Salem. Before 1692, there had been rumors of witchcraft in other towns and villages that m ostly neighbored Salem (Aronson 39). The development of casting spells began after many children started experiencing strange fits. This was mostly referred to as the disease of astonishment which was quickly associated with witchcraft by the population as time went by. The children had unique symptoms that had never been seen before which again fuelled the speculation of witchcraft among the population. For instance, flapping of arms had never been witnessed and some of the children went to the extent of harming others. It should therefore be known that these are issues that fuelled the craze against witchcraft in 1692. The most notable trials can be explained from the afflictions of different girls that occurred in early 1692 (Aronson 112).This account ends with trials that were conducted in May 1693. Some of the trials can be traced from initial witch hunts that had started earlier on which can be looked at from a wider context. There has been information about restitution as far as these trials are concerned which needs proper evaluation. Conclusion All this accounts can be traced from two girls (Betty and Abigail) who exhibited strange symptoms that could not be proved by a medical doctor. For instance, they complained of being pricked and pinched by people whom they did not see and this behavior later on spread to other young women. These events led to the first trial of three people which implores that a family feud might have been behind all these trials. Salem can be described as the home of a vicious rivalry that led to the famous witch trials because everybody was involved in one way or the other. This can be traced from heated debates that could even lead to fighting among different people. Most of these women who were accused had the descriptions of usual suspects who could fit as witchcrafts. Nobody stood for the women which culminated to them being brought before a local magistrate. Many other trials followed these ones as instances of witchcraf t continued to be reported in Salem and its environs. As much as the last notable trials were conducted in 1693, public response to most of these events has continued as time goes by (Hill 63). Most of these issues have revolved around establishing the innocence of the accused individuals because they are supposed to be compensated.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The descendants of people who were unfairly accused have been trying to honor their memories which are good developments. There have been revelations that the devil can give people the powers to harm others in return for loyalty which can be described as an aspect that has some relevance in today’s society. A seed of paranoia had been planted in Salem which explains the sequence of events that followed as far as witchcraft persecutions are concerned. The story of Salem witchcraft trials has captured the attention of different stakeholders like artists and writers despite the fact that these events happened centuries of years ago. In this case, different aspects have taken liberties from distinct interpretations that have been explored (Hill 94). The events that happened before have helped to reinforce the fact that there is a boundary between post-medieval and medieval aspects that relate to different cultural constructions. It should occur that the cause of different symptom s that were encountered at that given time will continue being a subject of interest. This is because explanations of those symptoms have been explored by different researchers to explain diverse occurrences that we are witnessing today. The world has seen some attacks on people because they are considered to poses supernatural powers which reinforces the fact that such issues will continue being witnessed every now and then. Works Cited Aronson, Marc. Witch-Hunt: Mysteries of the Salem Witch Trials. New York: Atheneum, 2003. Godbeer, Richard. The Devil’s Dominion: Magic and Religion in Early New England. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1992. Print. Hill, Frances. A Delusion of Satan: The Full Story of the Salem Witch Trials. New York: Doubleday, 1995. Print. Weisman, Richard. Witchcraft, Magic and Religion in 17th Century Massachusetts. Amherst, MA: University of Massachusetts Press, 1984. Print. 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